Rapid texture mapping from image sequences for building geometry model

An effective approach,mapping the texture for building model based on the digital photogrammetric theory, is proposed. The easily-ac-quired image sequences from digital video camera on helicopter are used as texture resource, and the correspon-dence between the space edge in build-ing geometry model and its line feature in image sequences is determined semi-automatically. The experimental re-sults in production of three-dimension-al data for car navigation show us an attractive future both in efficiency and effect.     

Summertime Surface N_2O Concentration Observed on Fildes Peninsula Antarctica:Correlation with Total Atmospheric O_3 and Solar Activity

Three-year summertime surface atmospheric N2O concentrations were observed for the first time on the Fildes Peninsula, maritime Antarctica, and the relationships among the N2O concentration, total atmospheric O3 amount, and sunspot number were analyzed. Solar activity had an important effect on surface N2O concentration and total O3 amount, and increases of sunspot number were followed by decreases in the N2O concentration and total O3 amount. A corresponding relationship exists between the N2O concentration and total atmospheric O3, and ozone destruction was preceded by N2O reduction. We propose that the extended solar activity in the Antarctic summer reduces the stratospheric N2O by converting it into NOx, increases the diffusion of N2O from the troposphere to the stratosphere, decreases the surface atmospheric N2O, and depletes O3 via the chemical reaction between O3 and NOx. Our observation results are consistent with the theory of solar activity regarding the formation of the Antarctic O3 hole.     

新丰江水库1961~1999年小震综合机制解结果分析

采用新丰江水库地区自1961年下半年到1999年底近40年的大量小震，分时段、分块计算小震综合机制解. 运用莫尔应力圆讨论分析水压应力场的作用特点. 小震综合机制统计结果表明，地震的破裂方式由6.1级主震前的走滑型为主转变为主震后的正断型破裂为主；主压应力P轴的方位和倾角随水库水位的不同表现有所差别.      

崇明与南京台震前地电场变化异常分析

2001年11月3日和12月25日江苏南通地区分别发生了ML3.8和ML4.1的地震群事件. 本文以上海崇明地电场台和南京地电场台ZD9A大地电场仪的观测资料为研究对象，在阐述了多极距地电场观测去噪音原理的基础上, 研究了这两个台站地电场多极距观测系统的资料在震前的异常变化特征. 结果表明: ① 多极距观测去噪音方法是一种很好的识别地电场噪音的方法；② 在震前20天、2天及42天离震中较近的崇明台NS和NE方向上分别接收到了地震电信号, 其持续时间最长的为9天，而较远的南京台出现的异常信号都是噪音信号而非地震电信号；③ 地电场多极距观测系统中公用电极的布极方式是不可取的.      

Site amplification at Avcılar, Istanbul

Avcılar is the suburb of Istanbul that was most heavily damaged during the August 17, 1999 M_w 7.4 Izmit earthquake. Strong ground motion caused fatalities and damage in Avcılar despite being 90 km from the epicenter. We deployed five portable seismograph stations equipped with Reftek 24-bit recorders and L4C-3D seismometers for 2 months, in order to understand why the local site response was different from elsewhere in Istanbul. A reference station was placed on a hard rock site, and the remaining four stations were placed on other geological units, in areas that had experienced varying levels of damage. We calculated frequency-dependent ground amplification curves by taking the ratios of the spectra at soft and hard rock sites. We obtained similar site response curves for most earthquakes at each site in the frequency range of 0.3–1.6 Hz, and observed no significant site amplification beyond 2.0 Hz at any site. The overall characteristics of the recorded S-waveforms and our modeling of the calculated site amplification curves are consistent with amplification as a result of trapping of seismic energy within a 100–150 m thick, low-velocity subsurface layer. We also review the applicability of microtremor measurements to estimate local site effects at Avcılar. For these data, we used ratios of spectra of horizontal to vertical components to obtain each site response. These results are compared with standard spectral ratios. These microtremor measurements provide consistent estimates of the amplification at most sites at the higher end of the frequency band, namely above 1 Hz. The results from both methods indeed agree well in this part of the frequency band. However, the microtremor method fails to detect amplification at lower frequencies, namely <1.0 Hz.     

岷江干旱河谷植被分类及其主要类型

沿岷江干旱河谷(流域-海拔梯度)剖面线设置“U”形样带3条，对植被和环境因子进行了调查，就岷江干旱河谷调查的48个样方，151个物种创建样地一物种数据库，应用TWINSPAN植被数量分类方法进行分类，并根据中国植被的分类原则和调查的样地物种组成特征，对数量分类的结果进行适度调整，建立了岷江干旱河谷地区植被(生态系统)分类系统。将岷江干旱河谷的植被划分为11个群系，18个群丛，均为灌丛单一类型。11个群系分别为：绣线菊灌丛、小花滇紫草灌丛、黄花亚菊灌丛、莸灌丛、驼绒藜灌丛、小马鞍羊蹄甲-白刺花灌丛、瑞香灌丛、西南野丁香灌丛、檀子栎灌丛、金花小檗-忍冬灌丛、华帚菊-小黄素馨灌丛。     

大气降尘收集方法及相关问题研究

降尘监测是探索大气降尘对环境的影响和生态效应评估不可缺少的手段之一。根据集尘容器内同定降尘介质的不同，目前常用的收集方法分为干法、湿法和玻璃球法3种。在实际监测中，每种方法都有不同的研究者采用，3种方法的收集效率也有一定的差别。研究表明，干法的集尘效率为湿法的73％和玻璃球法的95％；玻璃球法的集尘效率为湿法的77％。3种方法的集尘量之间具有良好的线性关系，可以依此进行数据的转换。不同的收集容器会对集尘效率产生影响，其测量精度也不相同。另外，这3种收集方法不能很好地区别干沉降和湿沉降过程，应该加以改进。因此，采用统一的标准开展大气降尘的合作研究很有必要。     

中伊朗盆地卡尚地区库姆组层序地层研究

利用野外露头、钻井和地震资料．通过岩相、沉积旋回以及地震层序和地震相分析建立中伊朗盆地库姆组的层序地层系统、框架模式及沉积体系，岩性地层单元与沉积层序的对应关系。研究发现库姆组沉积于一个受全球海平面升降变化及区域构造活动影响而与波斯湾间歇性相通的弧后大陆边缘海盆地，是一顶底面以不整合界面为界的构造层序(超层序组)，其内部发育3个3级层序。依据库姆组沉积时的盆地形态和沉积环境分析将盆地分为岛弧、台地、斜坡、盆地4个次级构造一沉积单元。盆地南缘为障壁岛，由于陆源碎屑少，南带及中带沉积碳酸盐岩为主；而北东缘为陆地，陆源(火山)碎屑供应充分，发育扇、河控三角洲沉积体系；东南岛弧带则沉积碳酸盐岩夹火山碎屑岩为主。     

泥炭沼泽有机地球化学研究进展

近几十年来，国内外泥炭沼泽地球化学研究取得了一系列重要进展，特别是在脂类化合物和稳定同位素等方面。泥炭沼泽是一个良好的地质档案，泥炭纤维素碳、氢和氧同位素组成和比值是环境变化的综合参数，沉积脂类化合物含有反映有机质母源先质的骨架结构，这些标志物高分辨率地记录了全新世以来古气候、古植被和古环境的演变信息，在当今全球变化研究中占有相当重要的地位。本文综述了泥炭沼泽地球化学研究进展，侧重于泥炭沼泽脂类化合物和稳定同位素等标志物的地球化学研究现状和发展趋势；侧重论述了研究技术的发展、定性说明到定量分析的过渡、研究精度的提高及存在的问题，分析了这些分子标志物与植被演替、气候变迁和环境变化间的对应关系，指出了我国在该方面的薄弱之处以及需加强的领域。